Kimanin mutane 8,000 ne aka sanar da cewa sun mutu, wasu dubun-dubatar kuma suka jikkata sakamakon mummunar girgizar kasa da ta afku a kasashen Turkiyya da Siriya a ranar Litinin din da ta gabata.
Dubban gine-gine sun ruguje a cikin kasashen biyu da hukumomin agaji suna gargadin "mummunan bala'i" a arewa maso yammacin Syria, inda miliyoyin mutane masu rauni da kuma masu gudun hijira suka riga sun dogara da tallafin jin kai.
Ana ci gaba da gudanar da gagarumin aikin ceto tare da bayar da taimako ga al'ummar duniya wajen gudanar da bincike da murmurewa.A halin da ake ciki hukumomi sun yi gargadin cewa mace-mace daga bala'in na iya haura sosai.
Ga abin da muka sani game da girgizar kasar da kuma dalilin da ya sa ta yi mummunar barna.
A ina ne girgizar ta afku?
Daya daga cikin girgizar kasa mafi karfi da ta afku a yankin cikin karni guda ta girgiza mazauna yankin daga barcin da suke yi da sanyin safiyar ranar Litinin da misalin karfe 4 na safe Girgizar kasar ta afku a wani wuri mai nisan kilomita 23 (mil 14.2) daga gabashin Nurdagi da ke lardin Gaziantep na kasar Turkiyya a karkashin kasa. Kimanin kilomita 24.1 (mil 14.9), Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin Kasa ta Amurka (USGS) ta ce.
An sake samun girgizar kasa a yankin cikin sa'o'i kadan bayan afkuwar lamarin.Girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 6.7 ta biyo bayan mintuna 11 da afkuwar girgizar kasar ta farko, amma babbar temborr mai karfin awo 7.5 ta afku bayan kimanin sa'o'i tara da karfe 1:24 na rana, a cewar hukumar ta USGS.
Wannan girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 7.5, wacce ta afku a nisan kilomita 95 (mil 59) arewa da girgizar kasar ta farko, ita ce mafi karfi a cikin sama da girgizar kasa 100 da aka samu kawo yanzu.
Masu ceto yanzu suna fafatawa da lokaci da abubuwan da za su fitar da wadanda suka tsira daga karkashin tarkace a bangarorin biyu na kan iyaka.Fiye da gine-gine 5,700 a Turkiyya sun ruguje, a cewar hukumar bala'in kasar.
Girgizar kasar ta ranar Litinin kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi karfi da Turkiyya ta taba fuskanta a karnin da ya gabata – girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 7.8 ta afku a gabashin kasar a shekarar 1939, wadda ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutane sama da 30,000, a cewar USGS.
Me yasa girgizar kasa ke faruwa?
Girgizar kasa na faruwa a kowace nahiya a duniya - daga kololuwar tsaunukan Himalayan zuwa kwaruruka mafi ƙasƙanci, kamar Tekun Gishiri, zuwa yankuna masu tsananin sanyi na Antarctica.Duk da haka, rabon waɗannan girgizar ƙasa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne.
Hukumar ta USGS ta kwatanta girgizar kasa a matsayin “ girgizar kasa ta haifar da zamewa kwatsam akan kuskure.Matsaloli a saman ƙasa na waje suna tura sassan laifin tare.Damuwa yana karuwa kuma duwatsu suna zamewa ba zato ba tsammani, suna sakin kuzari a cikin raƙuman ruwa da ke ratsa cikin ɓawon ƙasa kuma suna haifar da girgizar da muke ji yayin girgizar ƙasa.”
Ana auna girgizar kasa ta hanyar amfani da seismographs, wadanda ke lura da igiyoyin girgizar kasa da ke ratsa duniya bayan girgizar kasa.
Mutane da yawa na iya gane kalmar “Scale Richter” wadda a baya masana kimiyya suka yi amfani da ita tsawon shekaru da yawa, amma a kwanakin nan gabaɗaya suna bin Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI), wanda shine ma'auni mafi daidaito na girman girgizar ƙasa, bisa ga USGS.
Yadda ake auna girgizar kasa
Me ya sa wannan ya kasance mai mutuwa haka?
Abubuwa da dama sun taimaka wajen sanya wannan girgizar kasa ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutane.Daya daga cikinsu shi ne lokacin da rana ta faru.Yayin da girgizar kasar ta afku da sanyin safiya, mutane da dama na cikin gadajensu a lokacin da lamarin ya faru, kuma yanzu haka sun makale a karkashin baraguzan gidajensu.
Bugu da kari, tare da yanayin sanyi da ruwan sanyi da ke tafiya a cikin yankin, rashin kyawun yanayi ya sanya ayyukan ceto da farfadowa a bangarorin biyu na kan iyaka da matukar kalubale.
Yanayin zafi ya riga ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, amma a ranar Laraba ana sa ran yin ƙasa da digiri da yawa.
A halin yanzu wani yanki na rashin ƙarfi ya rataya a kan Turkiyya da Siriya.Yayin da hakan ya tashi, hakan zai sauko da “iska mai tsananin sanyi” daga tsakiyar kasar Turkiyya, a cewar babbar jami’ar binciken yanayi ta CNN Britley Ritz.
An yi hasashen zama -4 digiri Celsius (24.8 Fahrenheit) a Gaziantep da -2 digiri a Aleppo a safiyar Laraba.A ranar alhamis, hasashen faɗuwar gaba zuwa -6 digiri da -4 digiri bi da bi.
Tuni dai yanayin da ake ciki ya sanya kungiyoyin agaji su isa yankin da abin ya shafa ya zama kalubale, in ji ministan lafiya na Turkiyya Fahrettin Koca, ya kara da cewa jirage masu saukar ungulu sun kasa tashi a ranar litinin saboda rashin kyawun yanayi.
Duk da sharuɗɗan, jami'ai sun nemi mazauna yankin da su bar gine-gine don kare lafiyarsu a cikin fargabar ƙarin girgizar ƙasa.
Tare da barna sosai a kasashen biyu, da yawa sun fara yin tambayoyi game da rawar da gine-ginen gida na iya takawa a cikin bala'in.
Injiniyan tsarin USGS Kishor Jaiswal ya shaidawa CNN a ranar Talata cewa Turkiyya ta fuskanci girgizar kasa a baya, ciki har da girgizar kasa a shekarar 1999 wanda ya haifar da girgizar kasa.buga kudu maso yammacin Turkiyyakuma ya kashe fiye da mutane 14,000.
Jaiswal ya ce an sanya sassa da dama na Turkiyya a matsayin yankunan da ke da hatsarin girgizar kasa, don haka, ka'idojin gine-gine a yankin na nufin ayyukan gine-ginen ya kamata su jure wa irin wadannan al'amura, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, a guje wa rugujewar bala'i - idan an yi shi yadda ya kamata.
Sai dai ba dukkanin gine-ginen aka gina su bisa ka'idar girgizar kasa ta zamani ta Turkiyya ba, in ji Jaiswal.Rashin ƙarancin ƙira da gine-gine, musamman a cikin tsofaffin gine-gine, yana nufin cewa yawancin gine-gine ba za su iya jurewa tsananin girgiza ba.
"Idan ba ku tsara waɗannan gine-ginen don tsananin girgizar da za su iya fuskanta a rayuwar ƙirar su ba, waɗannan gine-ginen ba za su yi kyau ba," in ji Jaiswal.
Jaiswal ya kuma yi gargadin cewa da yawa daga cikin gine-ginen da aka bari a tsaye na iya “rauna sosai saboda wadancan girgizar kasa guda biyu da muka riga muka gani.Har yanzu akwai ɗan ƙaramin damar ganin girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi da ta isa ta rusa waɗancan gurɓatattun gine-gine.Don haka a yayin wannan aikin bayan girgizar kasa, ya kamata mutane su kula sosai wajen shiga waɗancan ɓangarorin da suka raunana don ƙoƙarin ceton.”
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-08-2023