Masana a duniya sun ce manufofin kuɗi masu tsauri da rashin da'a da Amurka ta ɗauka sun haifar da hauhawar farashin kaya a duk faɗin duniya, wanda ya haifar da wargajewar tattalin arziki da kuma ƙaruwar talauci, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa.
A fafutukar da ake yi na shawo kan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a Amurka, wanda ya haura kashi 9 cikin 100 a watan Yuni, Babban Bankin Amurka ya kara yawan riba sau hudu zuwa matakin da ake ciki a yanzu na tsakanin kashi 2.25 zuwa 2.5 cikin 100.
Benyamin Poghosyan, shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Dabaru ta Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki da ke Yerevan, Armeniya, ya shaida wa jaridar China Daily cewa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ta kawo cikas ga kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi na duniya, inda kasashe masu tasowa da dama ke fuskantar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki mafi yawa, lamarin da ya kawo cikas ga kokarinsu na neman juriyar kudi a gaban kalubale daban-daban na duniya.
"Ya riga ya haifar da raguwar darajar kudin Euro da wasu kuɗaɗen waje sosai, kuma zai ci gaba da haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki," in ji shi.
Masu sayayya suna siyan nama a wani shagon kayan abinci na Safeway yayin da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa a Annapolis, Maryland
A Tunisiya, ana sa ran samun ƙarin dala da hauhawar farashin hatsi da makamashi zai faɗaɗa gibin kasafin kuɗin ƙasar zuwa kashi 9.7 cikin ɗari na GDP a wannan shekarar daga hasashen da aka yi a baya na kashi 6.7 cikin ɗari, in ji gwamnan babban bankin ƙasar Marouan Abassi.
Nan da ƙarshen wannan shekarar, ana hasashen cewa bashin da ake bin ƙasar zai kai dinare biliyan 114.1 ($35.9 biliyan), ko kuma kashi 82.6 cikin ɗari na GDP ɗinta. Tunisiya za ta koma kan turba idan tabarbarewar kuɗinta ta ci gaba, in ji bankin saka hannun jari Morgan Stanley a watan Maris.
Farashin farashin kayayyaki na Turkiyya ya kai kashi 79.6 cikin 100 a watan Yuli, mafi girma a cikin shekaru 24. An yi ciniki da dala ɗaya akan liras na Turkiyya 18.09 a ranar 21 ga Agusta, wanda hakan ya nuna asarar darajar kashi 100 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata, lokacin da farashin canji ya kasance liras 8.45 ga dala.
Duk da ƙoƙarin gwamnati da ya haɗa da ƙara mafi ƙarancin albashi don kare mutane daga matsalolin kuɗi da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haifar, Turkawa suna fama da wahalar biyan bukatunsu.
Tuncay Yuksel, wani mai shagon sayar da kayan abinci a Ankara, ya ce iyalansa sun cire jerin kayayyakin abinci kamar nama da madara daga jerin kayayyakin abinci saboda hauhawar farashi tun farkon shekarar.
Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Xinhua ya ambato Yuksel yana cewa, "Komai ya yi tsada, kuma karfin siyan 'yan kasa ya ragu sosai." "Wasu mutane ba za su iya biyan kudin siyan bukatun yau da kullun ba."
Karin kudin ruwa da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi "tabbas ya haifar da hauhawar farashin kaya a kasashe masu tasowa", kuma matakin ba shi da wani alhaki, in ji Poghosyan.
"Amurka tana amfani da ikon mallakar dala don cimma muradunta na siyasa. Ya kamata Amurka ta ɗauki alhakin ayyukanta, musamman ganin yadda Amurka ke bayyana kanta a matsayin mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya wanda ke kula da kowa."
"Yana sa rayuwar miliyoyin mutane cikin mawuyacin hali, amma ina ganin Amurka ba ta damu ba."
Jerome Powell, shugaban babban bankin Tarayyar Amurka, ya yi gargadin a ranar 26 ga Agusta cewa akwai yiwuwar Amurka ta kara yawan kudin ruwa a cikin watanni masu zuwa kuma ta kuduri aniyar rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki mafi girma a cikin shekaru 40.
Tang Yao, farfesa a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Guanghua a Jami'ar Peking, ya ce rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki shine babban abin da Washington ke sa gaba, don haka ana sa ran Fed zai ci gaba da ɗaga farashin a mafi yawan shekara mai zuwa.
Wannan zai haifar da matsalar karancin kudi a duniya, wanda zai haifar da kwararar jari daga kasuwannin duniya zuwa Amurka da kuma rage darajar wasu kudaden kasashen waje da dama, in ji Tang, yana mai kara da cewa manufar za ta kuma sa kasuwar hannayen jari da takardun lamuni ta fadi, sannan kasashen da ke da rauni a fannin tattalin arziki da kudi za su fuskanci karin hadurra kamar karuwar basussuka.
Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya ya kuma yi gargadin cewa ƙoƙarin da Fed ke yi na yaƙi da matsin lamba kan farashi na iya shafar kasuwannin da ke tasowa da ke cike da basussukan kuɗin ƙasashen waje.
"Tsauraron yanayin kuɗi na duniya cikin rashin tsari zai zama ƙalubale musamman ga ƙasashen da ke da matsalolin kuɗi masu yawa, ƙalubalen da ba a warware su ba sakamakon annobar da kuma manyan buƙatun kuɗi na waje," in ji shi.
Tasirin zubewa
Wu Haifeng, babban darektan Cibiyar Fintech ta Shenzhen Institute of Data Economics, shi ma ya nuna damuwa game da tasirin da manufofin Fed ke yi kan kwararar kayayyaki, yana mai cewa yana kawo rashin tabbas da rudani ga kasuwannin duniya kuma yana shafar tattalin arziki da yawa.
Wu ya ce, karin kudin ruwa bai rage hauhawar farashin kaya a cikin gida na Amurka yadda ya kamata ba, kuma bai rage farashin masu saye a kasar ba.
A bisa alkaluman hukuma, hauhawar farashin masu amfani da kayayyaki a Amurka ta karu da kashi 9.1 cikin 100 a cikin watanni 12 zuwa watan Yuni, karuwar da ta fi sauri tun daga watan Nuwamban 1981.
Duk da haka, Amurka ba ta son amincewa da duk wannan kuma ta yi aiki tare da sauran ƙasashe don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa a duniya saboda ba ta son yin adawa da wasu kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, ciki har da masu arziki da kuma masana'antar soja, in ji Wu.
Misali, harajin da aka sanya wa China, ko kuma duk wani takunkumi da aka sanya wa wasu kasashe, ba shi da wani tasiri illa sanya masu saye a Amurka su kashe kuɗi fiye da kima tare da barazana ga tattalin arzikin Amurka, in ji Wu.
Masana na ganin sanya takunkumi a matsayin wata hanya ga Amurka ta ƙara ƙarfin ikonta na samun dala.
Tun lokacin da aka kafa tsarin Bretton Woods a shekarar 1944, dalar Amurka ta dauki nauyin kudin ajiyar duniya, kuma tsawon shekaru da dama Amurka ta ci gaba da rike matsayinta a matsayin tattalin arzikin duniya na daya.
Duk da haka, rikicin kuɗi na duniya na 2008 ya nuna farkon ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Faduwar Amurka da "hauhawar wasu", ciki har da China, Rasha, Indiya da Brazil, sun ƙalubalanci fifikon Amurka, in ji Poghosyan.
Yayin da Amurka ta fara fuskantar karuwar gasa daga sauran cibiyoyin iko, ta yanke shawarar amfani da rawar da dala ke takawa a matsayin kudin ajiya na duniya a kokarinta na dakile karuwar wasu da kuma kiyaye ikon Amurka.
Ya ce ta hanyar amfani da matsayin dala, Amurka ta yi barazana ga kasashe da kamfanoni, yana mai cewa za ta raba su da tsarin hada-hadar kudi na duniya idan ba su bi manufofin Amurka ba.
"Wataƙila ta farko da wannan manufar ta shafa ita ce Iran, wadda aka sanya mata takunkumi mai tsanani a fannin tattalin arziki," in ji Poghosyan. "Sannan Amurka ta yanke shawarar amfani da wannan manufar takunkumi a kan China, musamman kan kamfanonin sadarwa na China, kamar Huawei da ZTE, waɗanda suka kasance manyan masu fafatawa da manyan kamfanonin fasahar sadarwa na Amurka a fannoni kamar hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G da kuma fasahar kere-kere."
Kayan aikin geopolitical
Gwamnatin Amurka na ƙara amfani da dala a matsayin babbar hanyar inganta muradunta na siyasa da kuma rage hauhawar wasu, aminci ga dala yana raguwa, kuma ƙasashe masu tasowa da yawa suna sha'awar yin watsi da ita a matsayin babbar hanyar ciniki, in ji Poghosyan.
"Ya kamata waɗannan ƙasashe su tsara hanyoyin da za su rage dogaro da dalar Amurka, in ba haka ba za su ci gaba da fuskantar barazanar lalata tattalin arzikinsu."
Tang na Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Guanghua ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata tattalin arziki masu tasowa su bambanta a fannin kasuwanci da kuɗi ta hanyar ƙara yawan manyan abokan hulɗar ciniki da hanyoyin samun kuɗi da wuraren saka hannun jari, a ƙoƙarin rage dogaro da tattalin arzikin Amurka.
Rage darajar dala zai yi wahala a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci da matsakaici, amma tsarin kasuwar kuɗi ta duniya mai cike da abubuwa daban-daban da kuma tsarin kuɗi zai iya rage dogaro da dala ta Amurka da kuma daidaita tsarin kuɗi na duniya, in ji Tang.
Kasashe da dama sun rage yawan basussukan da Amurka ke bin su kuma sun fara rarraba kudaden ajiyarsu na kasashen waje.
Bankin Isra'ila ya sanar a watan Afrilu cewa ya ƙara kuɗaɗen Kanada, Ostiraliya, Japan da China a cikin asusun ajiyar kuɗin ƙasashen waje, waɗanda a da aka takaita su ga dalar Amurka, fam na Burtaniya da kuma Yuro.
Dalar Amurka tana wakiltar kashi 61 cikin 100 na asusun ajiyar kuɗin ƙasashen waje na ƙasar, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 66.5 cikin 100 a baya.
Majalisar Zinare ta Duniya ta ce babban bankin Masar ya kuma ci gaba da samar da dabarun saka hannun jari iri-iri ta hanyar sayen tan 44 na zinare a kwata na farko na wannan shekarar, wanda ya nuna karuwar kashi 54 cikin 100.
Wasu ƙasashe kamar Indiya da Iran suna tattaunawa kan yiwuwar amfani da kuɗaɗen ƙasa a harkokin kasuwancinsu na ƙasashen waje.
Jagoran addinin Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei ya yi kira a watan Yuli da a yi watsi da dala a hankali a harkokin cinikayya tsakanin kasashen biyu da Rasha. A ranar 19 ga watan Yuli, jamhuriyar Musulunci ta fara cinikin rial-roble a kasuwar musayar kudaden waje.
"Har yanzu dala tana kiyaye rawar da take takawa a matsayin kudin ajiya na duniya, amma tsarin rage darajar dala ya fara sauri," in ji Poghosyan.
Haka kuma, sauyin tsarin bayan yakin cacar baka zai haifar da kafa duniya mai dunkulewa da dama da kuma kawo karshen mulkin mallaka na Amurka gaba daya, in ji shi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-05-2022
